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Monument details

HER Number:TQ 76 NW 589
Type of record:Listed Building
Name:ROCHESTER CASTLE

Summary

Grade I listed building. Main construction periods 1087 to 1999. One of the great Norman castles of England, controlling the bridge crossing of the Medway on the route from London to Canterbury and Dover. The earliest castle was built soon after the Norman conquest and is mentioned in the Domesday Book. This was rebuilt for William Rufus by Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester between 1087 and 1089. The great tower or donjon was begun in about 1127. The castle was carefully maintained by the King especially in 1172-73 and again in 1206 when a large sum was spent on its ditches, bridge, tower and other buildings. In 1223, repairs were carried out making good the damage done by a siege in 1215. There was another siege in 1264 and damage to the castle was considerable. A survey of 1340 shows the considerable extent of the damage. A new building campaign was undertaken between 1367 and 1383. This was the last major period of repair. In the early 17th century the castle passed out of royal hands and in the late 19th century it was acquired by the Corporation of Rochester.

Images

View of Rochester Castle from the Cathedral   © Kent County CouncilRochester Castle curtain wall from the south-east   © kent county councilRochester Castle moat and curtain wall   © kent county councilRochester Castle keep   © kent county councilRochester Castle keep and curtain wall   © kent county councilRochester Castle keep and curtain wall   © kent county council
Grid Reference:TQ 74151 68608
Map Sheet:TQ76NW
Parish:ROCHESTER & CHATHAM, MEDWAY, KENT

Monument Types

  • TOWN WALL (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
  • CASTLE (Medieval to Modern - 1087 AD to 2050 AD)
Protected Status:Listed Building (I) 1336100: ROCHESTER CASTLE; Scheduled Monument 1011030: ROCHESTER CASTLE

Full description

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The following text is from the original listed building designation:
ROCHESTER TQ 7468 SW Rochester Castle 7/1 (formerly listed as the Castle) 24.10.50 I GV Castle Keep, curtain walls and mural towers to bailey. A building of exceptional significance. Built at the bridging point where Watling Street crosses the Medway. One of the first Norman Castles to be fortified in stone. Bailey walls, 1087-9, built by Gandulf, Bishop of Rochester for William II; keep, 1127, built by Archbishop William of Corbeil, considerable rebuilding and repairs throughout, 1221-32 (after the 1216 siege) and again by Edward III and Richard II, 1367-83; some demolition and alterations, c.1872. Mainly Kentish rag with tufa and chalk rubble. The building is described in detail by R Allen Brown (1986) which should be consulted for further information. Gandulf’s curtain wall survives to the W (Mersey side) and incorporates remains of the Roman city wall (see Refs 7/2 and 9/2); strengthened in C13. SE section, including the drum tower, mid-C13; E section (C14) includes 2 curtain walls, one of which (now a cottage) contains vaulted room, spiral stone stair and 2 garderobes. N section of wall, fragmentary, is incorporated into the garden walls to the rear of High Street properties. The N perimeter wall of the present castle precinct is marked by a C20 wall with palings. To the NW, the bastion (1378-83), altered and breached by a prominent Norman-Revival round-headed arched entrance of c1872. Keep, roofless and without principal floors, rectangular on plan with corner turret (that to SE in circular form, Mid C13) and contemporary forebuilding (with chapel and chambers) to N reached from W at 1st floor level. Main building consists of ground-floor basement; 1st floor apartments; great hall and chamber occupying 2 storeys; private apartments above, all divided by massive cross wall pierced by doorways and (at great hall level) a 4-bay arcade. It contains a well shaft. NE stair to all floors; SW stair excludes access to basement. Decoration sparingly applied: externally to principal doorways and upper floor embrasures; internally mainly chevron with some shafting; arcade with scalloped capitals. Scheduled Ancient Monument. References: many general references but see especially R Allen Brown, Rochester Castle. Kent (English Heritage guide, 2nd edition, 1986); C Flight and A C Harrison, 'Rochester Castle 1976', Archaeoloaia Cantiana, 94 (1978); G Payne, 'The Reparation of Rochester Castle', Archaeologia Cantiana, 27 (1905).
Listing NGR: TQ7413768560

Description from record TQ 76 NW 93 :
[TQ 74136856] Castle [NR] (In Ruins) [NAT] (1)

The castle was begun in 1087, but the four storeyed keep was built c.1130. The latter's south east angle has been rebuilt, probably as a result of the breaching during the siege of 1215. [See Map Diagram.] (2-4)

Scheduled (5)

As described and in good condition For details see the map diagram & GP's AO/51/42/7, AO/51/43/1 & 8. Published 1:1250 survey correct. (6)

For archaeological and historical description. (7)

The Castle including the Castle wall to east and west and the Bastion Tower to the north. Grade I. First castle on the site built by Archbishop Grundulph in 1080. The present fine Norman keep was built by William de Corbeuil, Archbishop of Canterbury 1123-36. The keep was deserted by the C16 and many of its materials robbed. Now in the care of the Ministry of Works. (For full description see list) (8)

Additional bibliography. (9-22)

In the Autumn of 1976 permission was given by Medway Borough Council for excavation in advance of landscaping the area, of a narrow strip of ground lying to the east of the curtain wall and north of tower three. The remains of six ovens or kilns, varying in size or shape, were found, as well as some late 11th and early 12th Century pottery, 5 complete loom weights and several fragments, a tentatively interpreted `siege trench', and further traces of Roman wall. (23)

Additional bibliography - not consulted. (24-27)

Rochester Castle (formerly listed as the castle). Castle keep, curtain walls and mural towers to bailey. A building of exceptional significance. Built at the bridging point where Watling street crosses the Medway. One of the first Norman castles to be fortified in stone. [Full architectural description] LISTED GRADE I. Scheduled Ancient Monument. (28)

Portions of the castle gatehouse survive in the garden of number 40 High Street Rochester at NGR TQ 7420 6863.(29)

Photographs and sketches made of an arch below Epaul Lane, forming part of the medieval bridge leading up to the main gate of the castle and three relieving arches of the curtain wall.(31)

Additional Info (32)

No new archaeology found as work was halted just above known archaeology. Support arches of curtain wall were photogrammically recorded.(33)

1997 watching brief on trenching for electrical cables within the castle grounds. A number of medieval features were encountered including possible robber trenches of the inner gatehouse (tq7412568596), the Main Gate (tq7419968638) and the primary rampart of the first Norman Castle (tq574158168558) and Medieval walls and flooring(tq7409668588) (34).

A geophysical survey was undertaken in 1997 covering the interior of the castle. The survey established features largely confined to the south-western area of the bailey. No wall or definite ditch was found to support the circumstantial evidence of a division within the bailey. A series of linear anomalies, mainly in the northern part of the bailey, are thought to be due to service pipes and landscaping.(35)

Work in 2003 involved the observation of the machine excavation of a new drain trench to the rear of no.24 High Street (TQ 76 NW 271). The line of this drain ran across the infilled castle ditch. In the event this part of the trench only revealed the infill of a previously dug drain trench and hence nothing of archaeological significance was observed [36].

In October 2004, a watching brief took place at the rear of the tenement plot of no.24 [TQ 76 NW 271], (centred on 574200,168680). The rampart of the first Norman castle had originally run across the bottom of the plot, before terraces had been cut into it. The lower terrace was the focus of the current watching brief. The area had been terraced for at least one and probably two brick built structures. The latter structure, a workshop, was still present in the 1950's. As the rear walls of the workshop (against the mound) were left in place, little archaeology was observed. The infilled castle ditch would also have run across the tenement plot. A small area of brick floor was recorded, built of the same type of brick used to construct steps leading from the lower terrace, to the upper terraces. It was concluded that as the floor was built of a different type of brick to the standing walls of the later workshop, it was probably related to a smaller structure of late seventeenth or early eighteenth century date (more contemporary with the original postmedieval structure of no.24). This structure was replaced by a larger workshop that survived into the mid twentieth century. In other areas of the trenching a post medieval deposit was observed, containing post medieval sherds and a glass bottle and disturbed soils which represent the infilling of the castle ditch. A single fill from a possible pit was observed in a section drawn below the terrace steps. It contained two sherds of pottery, one early Norman, the other Roman. Both were considered to be residual finds, from a post medieval pit cut into the rampart (although the rampart was not actually recorded during the works) [37].

Assorted photographs, presumed to be of Rochester Castle [38-43].

Additional bibliography (not consulted) [44-49].

One of the great Norman castles of England, controlling the bridge crossing of the Medway on the route from London to Canterbury and Dover. The earliest castle was built soon after the Norman conquest and is mentioned in the Domesday Book. This was rebuilt for William Rufus by Gundulf, Bishop of Rochester between 1087 and 1089. The great tower or donjon was begun in about 1127. The castle was carefully maintained by the King especially in 1172-73 and again in 1206 when a large sum was spent on its ditches, bridge, tower and other buildings. In 1223, repairs were carried out making good the damage done by a siege in 1215. There was another siege in 1264 and damage to the castle was considerable. A survey of 1340 shows the considerable extent of the damage. A new building campaign was undertaken between 1367 and 1383. This was the last major period of repair. In the early 17th century the castle passed out of royal hands and in the late 19th century it was acquired by the Corporation of Rochester. (50)

Work in 2007 exposed traces of Roman masonry below the keep, relating to the Roman town walls (51).


From the scheduled momument registe:

Rochester Castle, which includes a tower keep, a bailey with a curtain wall and an outer ditch, dominates the point where the Roman Watling Street - originally the main road between Canterbury and London - crosses the River Medway. Although the castle dates from the immediate post-Conquest period and has a well-documented history from its foundation onwards, the earliest occupation of the site is likely to have been in the Roman period. The western
curtain wall overlies an earlier Roman wall at this point, making it likely that the area of the castle was once within the Roman town of Durobreve. The earliest references to the castle are in Domesday Book - where it is recorded that the Bishop of Rochester had been given land in Aylesford `in exchange for land on which the castle stands' - and in the Textus Roffensis, where the land on which the castle was built is said to be `the best part of the city'. The first fortification of the site in stone is generally accredited to Bishop Gundulf after the siege of 1088. The wording of the agreement for work to be carried out also implies that an earlier castle, not built of stone, originally occupied the site, although no trace of this structure has yet been identified. The four-storeyed stone keep, one of the largest in England, is 21m square with walls up to 3.5m thick and 34.5m high to the top of the parapet. The south east corner of the keep has been rebuilt, probably as a result of the breaching during the siege of 1215. To the north of the keep, an irregular bailey, some 120m from north to south, is ow partly defined by the curtain wall which once enclosed it; this survives on the west side of the bailey where it is all that can be seen of the Gundulfian period of construction. This section was built on top of the foundations of the Roman city wall and was subsequently altered in the 13th century. A long section of the curtain wall on the south side of the castle was demolished in modern times, but at the east end a section of wall with drum towers (the work of Henry III) survives. Beyond the curtain wall on the landward side, but only now visible to the east and north of the castle itself, are the remains of the castle ditch. Although this has been partly infilled and built on over the years, it still survives as a relatively deep buried feature. Below the levels of modern disturbance, deposits will survive providing evidence for the occupation of the site and the environment and economy of the surrounding area. It has been suggested that a second bailey existed immediately to the south west of the keep. However there is currently no confirmation of this and the area is not included in the scheduling. In 1127 Henry I gave the custody of Rochester Castle to the Archbishop of Canterbury and his successors, and shortly after this Archbishop William de Corbeuil began the construction of a stone keep in the southern part of the bailey. Various repairs to the castle and town defences are recorded in the Pipe Rolls for 1166-1167, 1170-1171 and the castle itself was strengthened during the reign of Richard I (1189-1199). During the siege of 1215, the curtain wall and the south east corner of the keep were undermined by King John's engineers, and the castle eventually fell to the besiegers. Subsequently, urgent repairs were made to the keep and the curtain wall, with the tower on the south east angle being rebuilt between 1221 and 1222 on a circular plan, thereby making it much more difficult to undermine. In 1237 mention is made of a southern gateway to the castle wall and the construction of a drawbridge - no trace of which can now be seen. In 1264 the castle was subjected to another siege, when Earl Warrene and Roger de Leybourne held it for the king against Simon de Montfort and Gilbert de Clare. The barons breached the city wall and the outer defences of the castle, but the great keep held out and they were eventually forced to withdraw. Little effort was made to repair the damage caused by this onslaught, and in the 1340 survey made for Edward III, it was reported that there were `dilapidations over the whole extent of the castle'. Thus in 1367 a programme of rebuilding was begun. Of the two mural towers to the south of the main gate on the east of the castle, the northernmost was built new at this time and the southern one was rebuilt. By 1370 the programme was complete. Between 1378 and 1383, a new tower was built on the north angle of the curtainwall. Further demolitions and alterations are known to have taken place c.1872. The keep and curtain wall are Listed Grade I, and are included in the scheduling as is the ground beneath them. All modern features within the bailey are excluded: these include: rubbish bins, lamp posts, the bandstand, the two lavatory blocks to the north east of the keep, the kiosk at the north of the bailey, the iron railings flanking the steps down to the Esplanade, the steps themselves and their associated Victorian gates (which are Listed Grade II), the surfaces of all paths, the modern wooden stairs leading into the keep and all modern features within the keep (the flagpole, wooden platforms, handrails, metal window bars, perspex panels in the window openings, the modern protective roof, the metal grille in the south west turret, all electrical fittings and cables and all the modern additions in the English Heritage shop in the forebuilding); similarly, all modern features within The Lodge are excluded, although the ground beneath all these features is included within the scheduling. Outside the bailey in the castle ditch, the surface of all car parks, roads and paths, lamp posts, rubbish bins, all modern walling and railings are excluded from the scheduling, although the ground beneath these features is included.
(52)

Following the collapse of part of the 19th and 20th century revetment below the curtain wall in 2010 (53), works were undertaken to repair and prevent further loss. Redeposited chalk was encountered which may have come from the medieval rampart. (54)

In 2013 GSB Prospection carried out a Ground Penetrating Radar survey of the castle grounds. A possible demolition spread was found north of the keep but no definite features relating to the castle could be identified, given the later disturbance of the site. (55)

Historic England Archive Material (56)


<01> OS 25" 1938 (OS Card Reference). SKE48265.

<02> Hist of Fortification 1955 82 162 (S Toy) (OS Card Reference). SKE43923.

<03> Castles of Gt Brit 1953 81-2 (S Toy) (OS Card Reference). SKE38641.

<04> Arch Cant 21 1895 21-3 plan scale c1:1250 (GM Livett) (OS Card Reference). SKE34824.

<05> AM England and Wales 1961 59 (MOW) (OS Card Reference). SKE33023.

<06> F1 ASP 03-JAN-65 (OS Card Reference). SKE41905.

<07> Eng Heritage Booklet 1987 plans photos (G Port) (OS Card Reference). SKE41587.

<08> DOE (HHR) City of Rochester 1969 3 (OS Card Reference). SKE40161.

<09> Hist King's Works 2 1963 806-814 (HM Colvin) (OS Card Reference). SKE43902.

<10> Town Defences in Eng and Wales 1971 158-59 (HL Turner) (OS Card Reference). SKE50608.

<11> Arch J 83 1926 314-315 (OS Card Reference). SKE36693.

<12> The English Castle 1936 15 40-2 45-6 72 99 (H Brown) (OS Card Reference). SKE50342.

<13> Arch J 32 1875 204-228 (GT Clark) (OS Card Reference). SKE36609.

<14> Med Militery Arch in Eng 1884 405-423 (GT Clark) (OS Card Reference). SKE46776.

<15> Arch J 20 1863 205-223 (CH Hartshornel) (OS Card Reference). SKE36592.

<16> Arch 4 1777 367-389 (E King) (OS Card Reference). SKE34404.

<17> Arch 6 1782 381-391 (S Denne) (OS Card Reference). SKE34437.

<18> Grose's Antiquities 2 1774 131-4 (OS Card Reference). SKE43638.

<19> Soc Antiq London occ paper NS II 1981 Timber and Iron Reinforcement in Early Buildings 15 17 33 34 ( (OS Card Reference). SKE49495.

<20> Bldgs of Eng West Kent and the Weald 1980 490-1 (J Newman) (OS Card Reference). SKE38083.

<21> JBAA 9 1854 215-230 (W Beattie) (OS Card Reference). SKE44997.

<22> Arch Cant 92 1976 253 (AC Harrison) (OS Card Reference). SKE36104.

<23> Flight, C & Harrison, A. C., 1978, Rochester Castle 1976, Arch Cant article, Vol XCIV page 27 - 60 (Article in serial). SKE7030.

<24> Antiq and Topo Cabinet 4 1808 (J Storer) (OS Card Reference). SKE33245.

<25> Castles and Abbeys of Eng 1 1844 133-168 (W Beattie) (OS Card Reference). SKE38623.

<26> Early Norman Castles 1912 195-201 (ES Armitage) (OS Card Reference). SKE41568.

<27> Cantium Winter 1972-73 78-85 (JN Guy) (OS Card Reference). SKE38584.

<28> DOE(HHR)City of Rochester upon Medway, Kent. 1 (2.12.91) (OS Card Reference). SKE41285.

<29> "PHOTOGRAPHS" (Collection). SKE6552.

<30> Untitled Source, Watching brief and excavation report. Unpublished CAT 1998. (Unpublished document). SKE6451.

<31> Arnold, A. A., 1889, Medieval remains at Rochester, 1889 vol XVIII p196-201 (Article in serial). SKE7034.

<32> Canterbury Archaeological Trust, 1995, Proposed Works to Curtain Wall, Rochester Castle (Unpublished document). SKE7029.

<33> Canterbury Archaeological Trust, 1995, Castle Wall Rochester Watching Brief (Unpublished document). SKE7093.

<34> Canterbury Archaeological Trust, 1997, An Archaeological Watching Brief at Rochester Castle, 1997. (Unpublished document). SKE7184.

<35> Geophysical Surveys of Bradford, 1997, Report on Geophysical Survey: Rochester Castle (Unpublished document). SWX6817.

<36> Canterbury Archaeological Trust, 2004, An archaeological watching brief and recording work at 24 High Street, Rochester (Unpublished document). SKE12427.

<37> Alan Ward, 2004, An Archaeological Watching Brief at 24 High Street, Rochester (Unpublished document). SKE12436.

<38> ROMAN WALL WITH MEDIEVAL AND LATER ADDITIONS. (Photograph). SKE1391.

<39> NORMAN TOWER TAKEN FROM ALMOST DUE SOUTH. (Photograph). SKE1392.

<40> OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPH Types: CASTLE (Photograph). SKE1318.

<41> CASTLE KEEP - TAKEN FROM NORTH. (Photograph). SKE1393.

<42> ROMAN CORE WITH MEDIEVAL FACING. (Photograph). SKE1390.

<43> KEEP FROM SOUTH EAST. (Photograph). SKE1386.

<44> Payne, G., The reparation of Rochester Castle (Article in serial). SWX7418.

<45> Hartshorne, C. H., Rochester Castle, Archaeological Journal article (Article in serial). SWX7552.

<46> Port, G., 1987, Rochester Castle, Monograph 1987 (Monograph). SWX7226.

<47> Rye, W. B., Tombs of Sir William Arundel and others in Rochester Castle (Article in serial). SWX7362.

<48> Anon., Fabric roll of Rochester Castle (Article in serial). SWX7423.

<49> Field report for monument TQ 76 NW 93 (Rochester Castle) - December, 1964 (Bibliographic reference). SKE4128.

<50> Victor Smith and Andrew Saunders, 2001, Kent's Defence Heritage (Unpublished document). SKE6956.

<51> Keevill Heritage Consultancy, 2007, Rochester Castle, Medway, Kent: Report of an Archaeological Evaluation in Association with new Security Fencing around the Keep (Unpublished document). SKE15892.

<52> English Heritage, Register of Scheduled Monuments (Scheduling record). SKE16191.

<53> Keevill Heritage Consultancy, 2010, Rochester Castle, Medway, Kent: Report on an Archaeological Watching Brief on a Collapsed Section of the Curtain Wall (Unpublished document). SKE16855.

<54> Keevill Heritage Consultancy, 2010, Rochester Castle, Medway, Kent: Report of a Further Archaeological Watching Brief on a Collapsed Section of the Curtain Wall (Unpublished document). SKE16315.

<55> GSB Prospection, 2013, A GPR survey of the Grounds at Rochester Castle (Unpublished document). SKE25094.

<56> Historic England, Archive material associated with Rochester Castle Scheduled Monument (Archive). SKE54048.

Sources and further reading

Cross-ref. Source description
<01>OS Card Reference: OS 25" 1938.
<02>OS Card Reference: Hist of Fortification 1955 82 162 (S Toy).
<03>OS Card Reference: Castles of Gt Brit 1953 81-2 (S Toy).
<04>OS Card Reference: Arch Cant 21 1895 21-3 plan scale c1:1250 (GM Livett).
<05>OS Card Reference: AM England and Wales 1961 59 (MOW).
<06>OS Card Reference: F1 ASP 03-JAN-65.
<07>OS Card Reference: Eng Heritage Booklet 1987 plans photos (G Port).
<08>OS Card Reference: DOE (HHR) City of Rochester 1969 3.
<09>OS Card Reference: Hist King's Works 2 1963 806-814 (HM Colvin).
<10>OS Card Reference: Town Defences in Eng and Wales 1971 158-59 (HL Turner).
<11>OS Card Reference: Arch J 83 1926 314-315.
<12>OS Card Reference: The English Castle 1936 15 40-2 45-6 72 99 (H Brown).
<13>OS Card Reference: Arch J 32 1875 204-228 (GT Clark).
<14>OS Card Reference: Med Militery Arch in Eng 1884 405-423 (GT Clark).
<15>OS Card Reference: Arch J 20 1863 205-223 (CH Hartshornel).
<16>OS Card Reference: Arch 4 1777 367-389 (E King).
<17>OS Card Reference: Arch 6 1782 381-391 (S Denne).
<18>OS Card Reference: Grose's Antiquities 2 1774 131-4.
<19>OS Card Reference: Soc Antiq London occ paper NS II 1981 Timber and Iron Reinforcement in Early Buildings 15 17 33 34 (.
<20>OS Card Reference: Bldgs of Eng West Kent and the Weald 1980 490-1 (J Newman).
<21>OS Card Reference: JBAA 9 1854 215-230 (W Beattie).
<22>OS Card Reference: Arch Cant 92 1976 253 (AC Harrison).
<23>Article in serial: Flight, C & Harrison, A. C.. 1978. Rochester Castle 1976, Arch Cant article. Vol XCIV page 27 - 60. Vol XCIV page 27 - 60.
<24>OS Card Reference: Antiq and Topo Cabinet 4 1808 (J Storer).
<25>OS Card Reference: Castles and Abbeys of Eng 1 1844 133-168 (W Beattie).
<26>OS Card Reference: Early Norman Castles 1912 195-201 (ES Armitage).
<27>OS Card Reference: Cantium Winter 1972-73 78-85 (JN Guy).
<28>OS Card Reference: DOE(HHR)City of Rochester upon Medway, Kent. 1 (2.12.91).
<29>Collection: "PHOTOGRAPHS".
<30>Unpublished document: Watching brief and excavation report. Unpublished CAT 1998..
<31>Article in serial: Arnold, A. A.. 1889. Medieval remains at Rochester. Vol XVIII pages 196 - 201. 1889 vol XVIII p196-201.
<32>Unpublished document: Canterbury Archaeological Trust. 1995. Proposed Works to Curtain Wall, Rochester Castle.
<33>Unpublished document: Canterbury Archaeological Trust. 1995. Castle Wall Rochester Watching Brief.
<34>Unpublished document: Canterbury Archaeological Trust. 1997. An Archaeological Watching Brief at Rochester Castle, 1997..
<35>Unpublished document: Geophysical Surveys of Bradford. 1997. Report on Geophysical Survey: Rochester Castle.
<36>Unpublished document: Canterbury Archaeological Trust. 2004. An archaeological watching brief and recording work at 24 High Street, Rochester.
<37>Unpublished document: Alan Ward. 2004. An Archaeological Watching Brief at 24 High Street, Rochester.
<38>Photograph: ROMAN WALL WITH MEDIEVAL AND LATER ADDITIONS.. OS51/F43/6. Black and White. Negative.
<39>Photograph: NORMAN TOWER TAKEN FROM ALMOST DUE SOUTH.. OS51/F43/7. Black and White. Negative.
<40>Photograph: OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPH Types: CASTLE. 7468/0. Colour. Negative.
<41>Photograph: CASTLE KEEP - TAKEN FROM NORTH.. OS51/F43/8. Black and White. Negative.
<42>Photograph: ROMAN CORE WITH MEDIEVAL FACING.. OS51/F43/5. Black and White. Negative.
<43>Photograph: KEEP FROM SOUTH EAST.. OS51/F43/1. Black and White. Negative.
<44>Article in serial: Payne, G.. The reparation of Rochester Castle. 27, pages 177-192.
<45>Article in serial: Hartshorne, C. H.. Rochester Castle, Archaeological Journal article. 20, pages 205-223.
<46>Monograph: Port, G.. 1987. Rochester Castle, Monograph 1987.
<47>Article in serial: Rye, W. B.. Tombs of Sir William Arundel and others in Rochester Castle. 13, pages 141-145.
<48>Article in serial: Anon.. Fabric roll of Rochester Castle. 3, pages 111-132.
<49>Bibliographic reference: Field report for monument TQ 76 NW 93 (Rochester Castle) - December, 1964.
<50>Unpublished document: Victor Smith and Andrew Saunders. 2001. Kent's Defence Heritage.
<51>Unpublished document: Keevill Heritage Consultancy. 2007. Rochester Castle, Medway, Kent: Report of an Archaeological Evaluation in Association with new Security Fencing around the Keep.
<52>XYScheduling record: English Heritage. Register of Scheduled Monuments. [Mapped feature: #473 Castle, ]
<53>Unpublished document: Keevill Heritage Consultancy. 2010. Rochester Castle, Medway, Kent: Report on an Archaeological Watching Brief on a Collapsed Section of the Curtain Wall.
<54>Unpublished document: Keevill Heritage Consultancy. 2010. Rochester Castle, Medway, Kent: Report of a Further Archaeological Watching Brief on a Collapsed Section of the Curtain Wall.
<55>Unpublished document: GSB Prospection. 2013. A GPR survey of the Grounds at Rochester Castle.
<56>Archive: Historic England. Archive material associated with Rochester Castle Scheduled Monument.

Related records

TQ 76 NW 753Parent of: Two sections of wall, in the rear garden of the then Barclays Bank, Rochester (Monument)
TQ 76 NW 143Part of: Medieval wall, possibly Rochester Castle Gatehouse (Monument)
TQ 76 NW 10Part of: Saxon town of Rochester (Place)

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