Exploring Kent's Past

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Monument details

Summary

Reculver Roman fort, known as Regvlbivm in the Notitia Dignitatum, also the site of a Roman conquest period fort.

Images

Monument Types

• DITCH (Roman - 43 AD? to 409 AD?)
• FORT (Roman - 43 AD? to 100 AD?)
• PIT (Roman - 43 AD? to 409 AD?)
• POST HOLE (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)
• ROAD (Roman - 43 AD? to 409 AD?)
• SETTLEMENT (Roman - 43 AD? to 409 AD?)
• SAXON SHORE FORT (Roman - 225 AD? to 409 AD)

Associated Finds

• WALL (Roman - 43 AD to 409 AD)

Full description

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Reculver Roman fort, known as Regvlbivm in the Notitia Dignitatum, also the site of a Roman conquest period fort.

Finds from outside the fort seem to consist mainly of a few huts. No stone buildings have been found in recent years, but it is possible that an external bathhouse to the north of the fort has been destroyed by erosion. (See pamphlet) (1).

Excavations inside the fort in 1968 uncovered the south and east sides of a double-ditched enclosure. The ditches contained mid-1st century pottery, and probably represent a fortlet of the Conquest period. (2 and 122)

Name 'Regvlbivm' accepted for 4th. edition R.B. Map. In January 1976 a 250m trench, dug by the local River Authority cut the outer defensive ditch of the east side of the fort. (3)

In 1975 excavation by Brian Philp on the cliff-top west of the fort located metalling (probably of the road to Canterbury), ditches and a large pit. Third and fourth century pottery and some tile were recovered. (4)

Mann has argued that the inscription from the Sacellum at Reculver may date to any time in the third century after the reign of Severus or less probably to the late second century. (5)

An inscription found in the fort in 1960 suggests that it was built in the early 3rd century AD. Just under half of the Saxon Shore fort has been washed away by the sea. "The inscription ascribes the construction to the governorship of Rufinus who held the post c.225-230. This proves that the fort had nothing to do with Saxon raids, which started much later. It is more likely that the fort was built to defend Britian when it had splintered from the Empire as part of the Caraussian Rebellion. The fort seems to have been planted in an area close to an anchorage at the northern end of the Wantsum Channel separating the Isle of Thanet from mainland Kent. There is evidence for an earlier Romano-British settlement in this area. Occupation of the fort continued into the later years of the 4th century. The coin series stops at c.360”. (6)

Additional bibliography. (7-132)

Photographs (133-190)

From the National Heritage List for England:

The monument includes the surviving part of a Saxon Shore fort [and] an earlier, temporary Roman military camp… situated on a low sandy cliff on the North Kent coast, around 3km east of Herne Bay. Natural coastal processes have significantly altered the original setting of the monument. During the Roman period the sea was around 1.4km to the north and Reculver occupied the southern tip of a promontory at the north western end of the Wantsum Channel. This was an estuarine waterway which separated the Isle of Thanet from the Kent mainland. To the south, the promontory overlooked a sheltered anchorage enjoying easy access to the open sea. Coastal erosion has destroyed the north eastern part of the Saxon Shore fort… Investigations carried out in the 19th and 20th centuries have shown the monument to have undergone several phases of development and reuse… The strategic importance of the promontory is illustrated by the construction of a temporary Roman military camp in the first century AD. The camp defences survive as a pair of now buried, infilled ditches, originally surrounding a timber-reinforced, earthen rampart, enclosing an area of around 0.5ha. Analysis of pottery fragments has indicated that the camp was in use during the Roman invasion of Britain in AD 43. Coastal erosion has severely damaged areas to the west and north east of the monument in which evidence for a subsequent, Early Roman civilian settlement has been found and these are not included in the scheduling. The Saxon Shore fort was constructed during the early third century AD. It took the form of a NNE-SSW aligned, square enclosure of around 3.2ha, the southern half of which survives as ruined walls, earthworks and below ground features. The core of the enclosing curtain wall, which is mainly flint with ashlar bonding, survives to a height of up to 2.7m. This was originally around 3m thick and 4.5m high, augmented on its inner side by a large earthen mound around 13.5m wide. The wall, which has been heavily robbed for building material, was originally faced with squared, coursed greensand blocks, a few of which survive in situ. Surrounding the wall are a pair of now infilled, 10m wide ditches, separated from each other and the curtain wall by up to 10m wide berms. There were originally four gateway entrances through the centre of each side of the defences. The gateways were flanked by single square gatehouse towers, and the foundations of the eastern gatehouse have been exposed and consolidated for public display. Inside the fort are buried traces of a regular layout of roads flanked by masonry and timber structures. Buildings, including the commandant's house, the headquarters building and a bath house, have been identified. The Notitia Dignitatum, a contemporary list of Late Roman military and civilian commands, names the Reculver garrison as the Cohors I Baetasiorum, and tiles stamped CIB have been discovered amongst the foundations. Evidence from the excavations suggests that the Saxon Shore fort had fallen into disuse by the beginning of the fifth century AD. Subsequent land use, including the construction of a number of houses and buildings in the 19th and 20th centuries, World War II activities and the use of part of the monument as a caravan park, will have caused some disturbance, although many of the modern buildings have now been demolished. The walled interior of the Saxon Shore fort and the church are now in the care of the Secretary of State. A number of features are excluded from the scheduling; these are Beach Cottage, the King Ethelbert Inn and its associated outbuildings, all modern signs, fences, gates, bollards, railings, fixtures and fittings and childrens play equipment, all telegraph poles and lighting, and the modern surfaces of all paths, tracks, paving and hardstanding; the ground beneath all these features is, however, included.

Saxon Shore forts were heavily defended later Roman military installations located exclusively in south east England. They were all constructed during the third century AD, probably between c.AD 225 and AD 285. They were built to provide protection against the sea-borne Saxon raiders who began to threaten the coast towards the end of the second century AD, and all Saxon Shore forts are situated on or very close to river estuaries or on the coast, between the Wash and the Isle of Wight. Saxon Shore forts are also found on the coasts of France and Belgium. The most distinctive feature of Saxon Shore forts are their defences which comprised massive stone walls, normally backed by an inner earth mound, and wholly or partially surrounded by one or two ditches. Wall walks and parapets originally crowned all walls, and the straight walls of all sites were punctuated by corner and interval towers and/or projecting bastions. Unlike other Roman military sites there is a lack of standardisation among Saxon Shore forts in respect of size and design of component features, and they vary in shape from square to polygonal or oval. Recognition of this class of monument was partially due to the survival of a fourth century AD Roman manuscript, the Notitia Dignitatum, which is a handbook of the civil and military organisation of the Roman Empire. This lists nine forts which were commanded by an officer who bore the title 'Officer of the Saxon Shore of Britain' (COMES LITORIS SAXONICI PER BRITANNIAM). Saxon Shore forts are rare nationally with a limited distribution. As one of a small group of Roman military monuments which are important in representing army strategy and government policy, Saxon Shore forts are of particular significance to our understanding of the period and all examples are considered to be of national importance.

The Saxon Shore fort… at Reculver, despite some damage caused by coastal erosion, survive[s] comparatively well… Part excavation has shown that the monument contains important archaeological and environmental evidence. The Saxon Shore fort, along with the example at Brancaster in Norfolk, is believed to be one of the earliest constructed on the English coast, and its reuse of the site of the earlier Roman invasion camp reflects the strategic importance of Reculver harbour. Like the fort at Brancaster, it is unusual in that it lacks the corner and interval towers found in the other Saxon Shore forts. (191)

Historic England archive material (192)

<1> F1 AC 04-DEC-63 (OS Card Reference). SKE41756.

<2> Kent Arch Review 28 1972 235 (H Davies) (OS Card Reference). SKE45848.

<3> Kent Arch Review 15 1969 7-11 (B Philp) (OS Card Reference). SKE45840.

<4> DOE Arch Ex 1976 85-6 (B Philp) (OS Card Reference). SKE40785.

<5> Britannia 7 1976 376-7 (R oodburn) (OS Card Reference). SKE38381.

<6> Kent Arch Review 25 1971 143 (B Philp) (OS Card Reference). SKE45845.

<6> Victor Smith and Andrew Saunders, 2001, Kent's Defence Heritage (Unpublished document). SKE6956.

<7> CBA RR18 The Saxon Shore (ed S Johnson) 1977 15 (J C Mann) (OS Card Reference). SKE38937.

<8> The Place Names of Roman Britain 1979 446-447 (A L F Rivet and C Smith) (OS Card Reference). SKE50469.

<9> Late Roman Fortifications 1983 68 198 illust 201 (S Johnson) (OS Card Reference). SKE46000.

<10> Arch Cant 78 1963 xlix-L (B Philp) (OS Card Reference). SKE35653.

<11> Arch Cant 71 1957 167-184 (B J Philp) 230 (A W Jan) (OS Card Reference). SKE35486.

<12> JRS 52 1962 190 (D R Wilson) (OS Card Reference). SKE45123.

<13> JRS 14 1924 240 (OS Card Reference). SKE45042.

<14> Arch Cant 76 1961 lii-liii lvi lxx-lxxi (B J Philp) (OS Card Reference). SKE35600.

<15> Arch Cant 68 1954 205-206 (B J Philp) (OS Card Reference). SKE35429.

<16> Kent Arch Review 3 1966 5-6 (B J Philp) (OS Card Reference). SKE45850.

<17> Arch cant 80 1965 xlix (B J Philp) (OS Card Reference). SKE35707.

<18> Arch Cant 79 1964 xlix-l (B J Philp) (OS Card Reference). SKE35678.

<19> Arch 54 1895 494 (F Haverfield) (OS Card Reference). SKE34433.

<20> Arch 41 1867 421-452 (T Lewin) (OS Card Reference). SKE34408.

<21> Arch 8 1787 79-80 (J Pownall) (OS Card Reference). SKE34455.

<22> JRS 12 1922 275-276 (OS Card Reference). SKE45039.

<23> JRS 47 1957 226 (OS Card Reference). SKE45106.

<24> Arch Cant 74 1960 182-186 (B J Philp) (OS Card Reference). SKE35557.

<25> JRS 51 1961 191 (OS Card Reference). SKE45121.

<26> JRS 17 1927 210 (G Hume) (OS Card Reference). SKE45054.

<27> JRS 22 1932 68-69 (J P Bushe-Fox) (OS Card Reference). SKE45061.

<28> JRS 50 1960 236 (OS Card Reference). SKE45116.

<29> Arch Cant 73 1959 Li-Lii 96-115 (B J Philp) 208(B J Philp and M L Kellaway) (OS Card Reference). SKE35541.

<30> Arch Cant72 1958 160-166 (B J Philp) 204-209 (P A Clayton) (OS Card Reference). SKE36484.

<31> Arch Cant 77 xlvii (OS Card Reference). SKE35626.

<32> Arch Cant 12 1878 1-13 (G Dowker) (OS Card Reference). SKE34653.

<33> Arch Cant 44 1932 181-184 (G P Walker) (OS Card Reference). SKE35135.

<34> Arch J 86 1929 260-266 plan (G Hume) (OS Card Reference). SKE36703.

<35> Arch J 53 1896 352-375 (G E Fox) 380 (G E Fox) (OS Card Reference). SKE36650.

<36> VCH Kent 3 1936 19-24 (R E M Wheeler) (OS Card Reference). SKE51156.

<37> CBA Summeries Exc 1969 10 (B J Philp) (OS Card Reference). SKE38938.

<38> Kent Arch Review 20 1970 31-2 plan (OS Card Reference). SKE45842.

<39> JRS 54 1964 177 (D R Wilson) (OS Card Reference). SKE45127.

<40> JRS 56 1966 217 (D R Wilson) (OS Card Reference). SKE45130.

<41> JRS 57 1967 202 (D R Wilson) (OS Card Reference). SKE45134.

<42> JRS 59 1969 233 (D R Wilson) (OS Card Reference). SKE45140.

<43> JRS 58 1968 206 (D R Wilson) (OS Card Reference). SKE45138.

<44> Kent Arch Review 53 1978 74 (B Philp and H Gough) (OS Card Reference). SKE45859.

<45> DOE Arch Excav 1976 85-86 (B Philp) (OS Card Reference). SKE40791.

<46> Field report for monument TR 26 NW 1 - December, 1963 (Bibliographic reference). SKE5838.

<46> JRS 57 1967 202 (D R Wilson) (OS Card Reference). SKE45134.

<47> JRS 59 1969 233 (D R Wilson) (OS Card Reference). SKE45140.

<47> Not applicable, SMR Kent uncatalogued index entry, Reculver, An arch. watching brief outside Roman Fort, K.A.R.U. 1995. (Miscellaneous Material). SKE6440.

<48> JRS 58 1968 206 (D R Wilson) (OS Card Reference). SKE45138.

<48> Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, 1994, Inter-tidal archaeology in Kent, p26-7 (Unpublished document). SWX9353.

<49> Kent Arch Review 53 1978 74 (B Philp and H Gough) (OS Card Reference). SKE45859.

<49> Smithers, D. W., 1980, Castles in Kent (Monograph). SWX9392.

<50> DOE Arch Excav 1976 85-86 (B Philp) (OS Card Reference). SKE40791.

<50> Walker, G. P., 1927, The lost Wantsum Channel its importance to Richborough Castle (Article in serial). SWX9388.

<51> Field report for monument TR 26 NW 1 - December, 1963 (Bibliographic reference). SKE5838.

<51> So, C. L., 1971, Early coast recession around Reculver, Kent (Article in serial). SWX9381.

<52> Not applicable, SMR Kent uncatalogued index entry, Reculver, An arch. watching brief outside Roman Fort, K.A.R.U. 1995. (Miscellaneous Material). SKE6440.

<52> Philp, B. J., 1958, Discoveries at Reculver 1955-57 (Article in serial). SWX9378.

<53> Philp, B. J., 1957, Recent discoveries at Reculver (Article in serial). SWX9376.

<53> Department of Archaeology, University of Reading, 1994, Inter-tidal archaeology in Kent, p26-7 (Unpublished document). SWX9353.

<54> 1976, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11662.

<54> Smithers, D. W., 1980, Castles in Kent (Monograph). SWX9392.

<55> Walker, G. P., 1927, The lost Wantsum Channel its importance to Richborough Castle (Article in serial). SWX9388.

<55> 1998, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX10167.

<56> So, C. L., 1971, Early coast recession around Reculver, Kent (Article in serial). SWX9381.

<56> 1974, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX10603.

<57> 1949, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX10696.

<57> Philp, B. J., 1958, Discoveries at Reculver 1955-57 (Article in serial). SWX9378.

<58> Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11657.

<58> Philp, B. J., 1957, Recent discoveries at Reculver (Article in serial). SWX9376.

<59> 1976, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11658.

<60> 1976, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11659.

<61> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11670.

<62> 1976, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11661.

<63> SOUTH EAST ELEVATION OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE99.

<64> 1976, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11663.

<65> 1983, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11664.

<66> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11665.

<67> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11666.

<68> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11667.

<69> Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11668.

<70> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11669.

<71> 1976, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11660.

<72> NORTH TRENCH OF EXCAVATION LOOKING WEST Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE546.

<73> EAST WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE101.

<74> EAST WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE102.

<75> NORTH EAST SECTION OF EAST WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE103.

<76> WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE224.

<77> WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE228.

<78> ROMAN WALL,RUBBLE CORE,PEBBLY FOUNDATIONS.FORT BUILT ON SITE OF CLAUDIAN FORTLET AND CIVIL SETTLEMEN (Photograph). SKE542.

<79> NORTH TRENCH OF EXCAVATION LOOKING EAST Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE543.

<80> 1998, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX10165.

<81> AREA OF PAVING IN CENTRAL TRENCH FROM SOUTH WEST Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE545.

<82> 1941, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX10100.

<83> WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT FROM SOUTH WEST Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE93.

<84> SECTION OF EAST WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE100.

<85> SOUTH EAST OF SOUTH WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE95.

<86> 1941, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX9962.

<87> CLOSE-UP OF FOUNDATIONS OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE97.

<88> FROM SOUTH EAST Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE98.

<89> WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE96.

<90> NORTH TRENCH OF EXCAVATION LOOKING EAST.EAST WALL Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE544.

<91> Trust For Thanet Archaeology, 1991, Intertidal Zone Minnis Bay-Reculver (Unpublished document). SWX7082.

<92> SOUTH WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE94.

<93> Home, G., Roman Reculver (Article in serial). SWX9313.

<94> Pownall, J., 1787, Letter to the Rev. James Douglas, F.A.S. from John Pownall, Esq. on a Roman Tile found at Reculver (Article in serial). SWX9316.

<95> Johns, K., 1970, A Roman vase from Reculver (Article in serial). SWX9368.

<96> 1941, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX9950.

<97> Philp, B. J., The Roman Fort at Reculver (Article in serial). SWX9312.

<98> E. J. E. P., Some Recent Finds at Reculver, 1955-1957 (Article in serial). SWX9310.

<99> Johnson, S., 1989, Reculver (Article in monograph). SWX9304.

<100> Philp, B. J., 1971, Group Emergency Reports (Article in serial). SWX7663.

<101> Philp, B. J., 1969, The Roman fort at Reculver, excavations 1968 (Article in serial). SWX7657.

<102> Philp, B. J., 1967, Excavation of the East Gate of the Roman fort at Reculver (Article in serial). SWX7635.

<103> Philp, B. J., 1959, Reculver (Article in serial). SWX7474.

<104> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11671.

<105> Thompson, F. H., 1953, Excavations at Reculver, Kent, 1951 (Article in serial). SWX7446.

<106> Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11679.

<107> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11672.

<108> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11673.

<109> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11674.

<110> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11675.

<111> 1983, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11676.

<112> Philp, B. J., 1957, Recent Discoveries at Reculver, p.160-6 (Article in serial). SWX7468.

<113> Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11678.

<114> Kent Archaeological Rescue Unit, 1996, Reculver near Herne Bay: An Archaeological Watching-Brief outside the Roman Fort, 1994-95 (Unpublished document). SWX6860.

<115> Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11680.

<116> 1948, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11681.

<117> 1949, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11682.

<118> 1949, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11683.

<119> 1965, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11684.

<120> Kent County Council, 1999, Survey of Kent post-1500 defence sites, KD198 (Index). SWX11828.

<121> 1983, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11677.

<122> E. J. E. P., Some Recent Finds at Reculver, 1955-1957 (Article in serial). SWX9310.

<122> Brian Philp, 1986, The Roman Fort at Reculver (Bibliographic reference). SKE17331.

<124> Philp, B. J., 1957, Recent Discoveries at Reculver, p.160-6 (Article in serial). SWX7468.

<125> Thompson, F. H., 1953, Excavations at Reculver, Kent, 1951 (Article in serial). SWX7446.

<126> Philp, B. J., The Roman Fort at Reculver (Article in serial). SWX9312.

<127> Philp, B. J., 1971, Group Emergency Reports (Article in serial). SWX7663.

<128> Philp, B. J., 1959, Reculver (Article in serial). SWX7474.

<129> Pownall, J., 1787, Letter to the Rev. James Douglas, F.A.S. from John Pownall, Esq. on a Roman Tile found at Reculver (Article in serial). SWX9316.

<130> Philp, B. J., 1969, The Roman fort at Reculver, excavations 1968 (Article in serial). SWX7657.

<131> Home, G., Roman Reculver (Article in serial). SWX9313.

<132> Kent County Council, 1999, Survey of Kent post-1500 defence sites, KD198 (Index). SWX11828.

<133> 1976, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11658.

<134> 1976, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11659.

<135> 1976, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11660.

<136> 1983, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11676.

<137> 1976, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11662.

<138> Philp, B. J., 1967, Excavation of the East Gate of the Roman fort at Reculver (Article in serial). SWX7635.

<139> 1983, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11664.

<140> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11665.

<141> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11666.

<142> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11667.

<143> Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11668.

<144> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11669.

<145> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11670.

<146> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11671.

<147> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11672.

<148> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11673.

<149> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11674.

<150> 1988, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11675.

<151> 1976, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11661.

<152> CLOSE-UP OF FOUNDATIONS OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE97.

<153> NORTH TRENCH OF EXCAVATION LOOKING EAST Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE543.

<154> NORTH TRENCH OF EXCAVATION LOOKING WEST Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE546.

<155> ROMAN WALL,RUBBLE CORE,PEBBLY FOUNDATIONS.FORT BUILT ON SITE OF CLAUDIAN FORTLET AND CIVIL SETTLEMEN (Photograph). SKE542.

<156> WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE228.

<157> EAST WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE102.

<158> WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE224.

<159> NORTH TRENCH OF EXCAVATION LOOKING EAST.EAST WALL Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE544.

<160> AREA OF PAVING IN CENTRAL TRENCH FROM SOUTH WEST Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE545.

<161> WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE96.

<162> EAST WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE101.

<163> SECTION OF EAST WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE100.

<164> NORTH EAST SECTION OF EAST WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE103.

<165> Kent Archaeological Rescue Unit, 1996, Reculver near Herne Bay: An Archaeological Watching-Brief outside the Roman Fort, 1994-95 (Unpublished document). SWX6860.

<166> FROM SOUTH EAST Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE98.

<167> Trust For Thanet Archaeology, 1991, Intertidal Zone Minnis Bay-Reculver (Unpublished document). SWX7082.

<168> SOUTH EAST OF SOUTH WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE95.

<169> SOUTH WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE94.

<170> WALL OF SAXON SHORE FORT FROM SOUTH WEST Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE93.

<171> Johnson, S., 1989, Reculver (Article in monograph). SWX9304.

<172> 1976, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11663.

<173> Johns, K., 1970, A Roman vase from Reculver (Article in serial). SWX9368.

<174> 1941, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX9950.

<175> 1941, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX9962.

<176> 1941, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX10100.

<177> 1998, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX10165.

<178> 1998, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX10167.

<179> 1974, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX10603.

<180> 1949, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX10696.

<181> SOUTH EAST ELEVATION OF SAXON SHORE FORT Types: FORT (Photograph). SKE99.

<182> Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11657.

<183> Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11678.

<184> Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11679.

<185> Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11680.

<186> 1948, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11681.

<187> 1949, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11682.

<188> 1949, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11683.

<189> 1965, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11684.

<190> 1983, Photograph (Photograph (Print)). SWX11677.

<191> Historic England, National Heritage List for England (Index). SKE29372.

<192> Historic England, Archive material associated with Reculver Roman Fort Scheduled Monument (Archive). SKE55251.

Sources and further reading

Related thematic articles

• Roman Kent (Thematic Essay)
• The Defence of Kent (Thematic Essay)