Exploring Kent's Past

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Monument details

Summary

T-shaped artificial mound composed of sandy soil with flint or chert chips, which are not strictly natural, surmounting a natural hill. The west arm c.45m. long, is the clearest. The north and south arms appear to be mutilated by quarrying. May have been used as a beacon in recent times but possibly a mutilated long barrow. Aldington Knoll was dug into in 1755 and produced some burnt human bones and copper in the form of horns, thin plates and cylinders. Some narrow strips of copper may have been used for fastening woodwork covered with beaten gold. Large stones, "disposed like those at Stonehenge", were thrown down in moving the earth.

Monument Types

• BARROW (Early Neolithic to Late Bronze Age - 4000 BC? to 701 BC?)
• MOUND (Early Neolithic to Late Bronze Age - 4000 BC? to 701 BC?)
• BEACON? (Roman to Post Medieval - 43 AD? to 1900 AD?)
• ANTI AIRCRAFT BATTERY (Modern - 1939 AD to 1945 AD)

Full description

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[TR 0707 3525] Aldington Knoll [NAT]. (1)

Aldington Knoll was dug into in 1755 and produced some burnt human bones and copper in the form of horns, thin plates and cylinders. Some narrow strips of copper may have been used for fastening woodwork covered with beaten gold. Large stones, "disposed like those at Stonehenge", were thrown down in moving the earth. (2)

Clinch mentions "a large tumulus known as Aldington Knoll, and another mound called Roman Beacon (3) while Taylor states, "Aldington Knoll may have been a [Roman] beacon, it is probably artificial" (4).

The Beale Poste MSS (5) mentions "tumuli at and near Aldington Knoll". (3-5) Aldington Knoll is a natural mound in a prominent position at the junction of three ridges in advance of the main escarpment. 3.6 metres high with no visible ditch, it is extensively mutilated by slip, quarrying and a number of slit trenches. It overlooks Romney Marsh at 310ft. O.D., and with a good range of views northwards it is an excellent site for a beacon. It has an artificial cap of light clay and a little stone which may be the remains of a barrow. There is no trace of the "large stones disposed like Stonehenge". (6)

No change. (7)

[TR 071 353] Mound on Aldington Knoll, scheduled. (8)

[TR 071353] T-shaped artificial mound composed of sandy soil with flint or chert chips, which are not strictly natural, surmounting a natural hill. West arm c.150ft. long, is the clearest. The north and south arms appear to be mutilated by quarrying. May have been used as a beacon in recent times but possibly a mutilated long barrow. (9)

ENTRY IN THE SCHEDULE OF MONUMENTS:
The monument includes a large artificial mound of earth which has been identified in the past as both a burial mound dating from the Roman period and a beacon. The mound in its present form was created by the heightening of an existing burial mound at the summit of a natural hill which overlooks the former coastline now infilled to form Romney Marsh. The form of the barrow is not known, but the later enlargement took the somewhat unusual form of a trianglar mound approximately 50m long on each side. A landslip on the southern side has resulted in the present horned appearance of the mound in plan. The mound now stands over 3m above the level of the surrounding land, and would originally have stood to a greater height before it was disturbed by partial excavation and by military use during World War II.

Part of the mound was disturbed in 1755 when excavations unearthed the cremated remains of a body accompanied by a quantity of bronzework which may have formed a stool as found in other Roman burials. No other evidence of the date of the burial was recorded.

The identification of the mound as a beacon relies largely upon oral tradition: no visible evidence of such a use in antiquity survives. The most recent use of the mound was as an anti-aircraft emplacement in the Second World War, as a result of which use a depression in the summit and a long slit-trench extending into the wood to the north are clearly visible.

Earthen barrows are the most visually spectacular survivals of a wide variety of funerary monuments in Britain dating to the Roman period. Constructed as steep-sided conical mounds, usually of considerable size and occasionally with an encircling bank or ditch, they covered one or more burials, generally believed to be those of high-ranking individuals. The burials were mainly cremations, although inhumations have been recorded, and were often deposited with accompanying grave goods in chambers or cists constructed of wood, tile or stone sealed beneath the barrow mound. Occasionally the mound appears to have been built directly over a funeral pyre. The barrows usually occur singly, although they can be grouped into "cemeteries" of up to ten examples. They are sited in a variety of locations but often occur near Roman roads. A small number of barrows were of particularly elaborate construction, with masonry revetment walls or radial internal walls. Roman barrows are rare nationally, with less than 150 recorded examples, and are generally restricted to lowland England with the majority in East Anglia. The earliest examples date to the first decades of the Roman occupation and occur mainly within this East Anglian concentration. It has been suggested that they are the graves of native British aristocrats who chose to perpetuate aspects of Iron Age burial practice. The majority of the barrows were constructed in the early second century AD but by the end of that century the fashion for barrow building appears to have ended. Occasionally the barrows were re-used when secondary Anglo-Saxon burials were dug into the mound. Many barrows were subjected to cursory investigation by antiquarians in the 19th century and, as little investigation to modern standards has taken place, they remain generally poorly understood. As a rare monument type which exhibits a wide diversity of burial tradition all Roman barrows, unless significantly damaged, are identified as nationally important.

Although the Aldington Knoll barrow has been disturbed by partial excavation, it has at the same time been protected by overlying soil so that the form of the barrow will be unusually well preserved. Its archaeological potential is therefore high, since it represents a rare survival of a Roman barrow not subject to the normal damage caused by erosion. Added importance is lent to the barrow by its position as an outlier to the main concentration of such monuments. (12)

<1> OS 6" 1961 (OS Card Reference). SKE48369.

<2> Arch 7 1785 408-9 (Sir J Prinle) (OS Card Reference). SKE34447.

<3> VCH Kent 1 1908 331 (G Clinch) (OS Card Reference). SKE50836.

<4> VCH Kent 3 1932 144 (M V Taylor) (OS Card Reference). SKE51021.

<5> Arch Cant 62 1949 138 (J H Evans) (OS Card Reference). SKE35341.

<6> F1 AC 04-DEC-62 (OS Card Reference). SKE41755.

<7> F2 ASP 01-DEC-69 (OS Card Reference). SKE43070.

<8> DOE (IAM) AMs England 2 1978 109 (OS Card Reference). SKE40694.

<9> DOE (IAM) Record Form 1985 (OS Card Reference). SKE40739.

<10> Field report for monument TR 03 NE 4 - December, 1962 (Bibliographic reference). SKE5075.

<11> Field report for monument TR 03 NE 4 - December, 1969 (Bibliographic reference). SKE5076.

<12> English Heritage, Register of Scheduled Monuments (Scheduling record). SKE16191.

Sources and further reading