Exploring Kent's Past

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Monument details

Summary

Grade II* listed building. Cruciform church with nave aisles and West tower. Built of random rubble with freestonedressings and tiled roofs. 15th century West tower with Tudor windows and battlemented upper part. Remains of West porch in tower. 3-bay nave with original 13th century arcade. The rest of the church dates to 1864-5 and was built by Walterhouse.There is strong evidence that Brasted was a minster created in a second wave of minster creation in Kent from the 8th to mid-10th centuries. The building was damaged by a fire in 1990, and altered during the restoration of 1991-2.

Monument Types

• SITE (Medieval to Post Medieval - 1200 AD to 1865 AD)

Full description

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The following text is from the original listed building designation:
1. 5280 BRASTED BRASTED Church Road (North End) Church of St Martin TQ 4655 1/15 10.9.54.
B
2. Cruciform church with nave aisles and West tower. Random rubble with freestone dressings. Tiled roofs sweeping low over aisles, with gables over aisle windows. No clerestory. Mostly, geometrical style with Perpendicular style East window. C15 tower with Tudor windows and battlemented upper part. Remains of West porch in tower. Entrance through large buttress. 3-bay nave with original C13 arcade. Rest of church 1864-5 by Walterhouse. Jacobean pulpit of 1623 from St Nicholas, Rochester. Some C17 monuments; and monument to John Turton of Brasted Place, Physician to King George III, d.1806, by Westmacott.
Listing NGR: TQ4686155490

Description from record TQ 45 NE 3 :
(TQ 46865548) St. Martin's Church (NAT) (2) The Church of St. Martin, Brasted, was entirely rebuilt in 1866 except for its Early English tower. (3) In normal use. (4) 5280 Church of St Martin, Church Road (North End), Brasted. TQ 4655 1/15 10.9.54 Grade B. Cruciform church with nave aisles and West tower. Random rubble with freestone dressings. Tiled roofs sweeping low over aisles, with gables over aisle windows. No clerestory. Mostly, geometrical style with Perpendicular style East window. C15 tower with Tudor windows and battlemented upper part. Remains of West porch in tower. Entrance through large buttress. 3-bay nave with original C13 arcade. Rest of church 1864-5 by Walterhouse. Jacobean pulpit of 1623 from St Nicholas Rochester. Some C17 monuments; and monument to John Turton of Brasted Place, physician to King George III, d. 1806, by Westmacott. (5) The 14th century doorway of St Martin's church leads into a church of 1864-5 by Waterhouse, but the old foundations were used, so there are deep transepts. The south arcade incorporates the original short round piers, early 13th century, and double-chamfered arches. Other anomalies, such as the reticulated tracery in the north transept facing geometrical tracery in the south suggest that Waterhouse was following old lines. All his own are the half dormer aisle windows and some extraordinary and original suspless tracery. (5) Additional bibliography - not consulted. (7)Listing Text:

BRASTED

771/1/15 CHURCH ROAD
10-SEP-54 BRASTED
(North side)
CHURCH OF ST MARTIN

II*
DATES/ARCHITECTS:
The earliest visible fabric is the C13 arcades, but these may have been added to an earlier church. The tower is probably late C13, and the N transept was added c.1320. The tower was remodelled in the late middle ages, and the whole church was heavenly restored and externally largely rebuilt by Alfred Waterhouse (1830-1905) in 1864-5 including the addition of the S chancel chapel and N vestry. Following a severe fire in 1989, the church was reroofed, partially rebuilt and reordered by Peake Short and partners.

MATERIALS:
Rubble with stone dressings. Tile roofs.

PLAN:
Cruciform church with N and S nave aisles, N and S transepts, chancel with S chapel/organ chamber (now parish room) and N vestry, W tower.

EXTERIOR
Except for the medieval W tower, the exterior of the church is largely 1864-5 by Alfred Waterhouse (1830-1905), with a clerestory of round openings added in 1991-2.

Embattled 3-stage, tower, C14 remodelled and heightened in the later middle ages. Small late perpendicular windows with depressed heads in the upper stages. The lower stage has very heavy buttresses, added after the tower was built, including central buttresses on the N and W. That on the W incorporates a tunnel-vaulted W porch. Chamfered W door.

S chapel, S transept and nave aisles have large uncusped windows, under gabled dormers on the aisles, by Waterhouse, with a clerestory of many round windows above. The N transept has reticulated tracery copying the medieval arrangement and an E door by Waterhouse. C19 N vestry with a prominent chimney. C13 style lancets in chancel N wall by Waterhouse, replacing a different C13 lancet. E window Perpendicular, copying the medieval original.

INTERIOR;
The introduction of the clerestory and the new roofs make the church very light internally. 3-bay N and S nave arcades of the early C13, with short, round piers and double chamfered arches, partially rebuilt, with a similar arch into the N transept. There are C13 engaged shafts on either side of the C15-style E window. The 2-bay chancel arcade has early C13-style piers by Waterhouse, now rebuilt, with a piscina set into the E respond. Nave roof of 1991-2, a faceted barrel vault of laminated timber trusses, boarded behind. The chancel roof follows the design of Waterhouse¿s roof, with arch braced trusses on short posts, divided into panels by ribs and beams.

The N chapel largely survived the fire and has many good monuments. The roof is divided into panels and has painted decoration. The tower was also undamaged in the fire. Tall C15 tower arch with dying chamfered orders, and above it a late C13 two light window, now internal.

The 1991-2 work included the conversion of the former S chapel/organ chamber into a parish room and the introduction of a kitchen and lavatories.
PRINCIPAL FIXTURES
Pulpit of 1623 from St Nicholas, Rochester, C19 pews and chancel woodwork by Waterhouse were destroyed in the fire of 1989. C19 font in an early C13 style with a round bowl on Purbeck marble shafts.

Some fragments of old glass reset in the S transept. N transept, mid C20 Magnificat by James Hogan and Carl Edwards. All other glass late C20 including S transept E window by John Hayward and E window by Lawrence Lee.

Very good monuments, including in the tower, an early grave slab with a cross; Dorothy Berisford, d. 1613, an almost plain tomb chest; and Margarita Seyliard, d. 1615, a simple wall tablet. In the N transept, Robert Heath, d. 1649 and wife, reclining alabaster figures, he is dressed as a judge, 1664 by Thomas Stanton. John Turton, d. 1806, George III¿s doctor, a Grecian tablet by Sir R Westmacott, also by Westmacott a tablet to Mary Turton, d.1810. A revivalist C17-style monument to H. Avray Tipping, d. 1933, author of English Homes; and a well-known writer and garden designer.


HISTORY
The church is in Domesday book, and an early graveslab with a cross was discovered under the tower. Before the Waterhouse restoration, there were C12 and early C13 windows in the chancel, and the arcades are C13. The N transept, known as the Stocket chapel, built c. 1320 was the private chapel of the lords of Brasted Place until the early C20, and contains many tombs to residents of that house. Pre-restoration images show a range of windows in the church, mostly late medieval, but including a C17 or C18 dormer in the nave, probably for a former gallery. The massive buttresses of the tower suggest ongoing structural problems, and the church was rebuilt externally by the celebrated architect Alfred Waterhouse in 1865. The church was damaged during WWII, when it lost most of its glass. Restoration was paid for by the War Damage Commission. It was very badly damaged in a fire of 1989, when both the C19 and 20 work was largely lost, and restored again in 1991-2. (1)

SOURCES
Domesday Book, f.4r
Lambeth Palace Library ICBS 06430
Newman, J, The Buildings of England: West Kent and the Weald (1969), 171
Newman, N and Smith, C, The Parish Church of St Martin, Brasted: A Short Guide and History (1992)

REASONS FOR DESIGNATION
The church of St Martin, Brasted, is designated at Grade II* for the following principal reasons:
* Very good C13 core, surviving despite several restorations.
* Excellent exterior, including outstanding and innovative tracery, by Alfred Waterhouse, also largely surviving despite a fire and restoration.
* Notable monuments of the C17-C19 (1)

<1> English Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest (Map). SKE16160.

<2> MHLG (2360/11/A April 1949) 1 (OS Card Reference). SKE47015.

<3> F1 ASP 14.08.64 (OS Card Reference). SKE42091.

<4> DOE (HHR) Dist of Sevenoaks Kent 1975 1-2 (OS Card Reference). SKE40312.

<5> Bldgs of Eng W Kent & the Weald 1980 177-178 (J Newman) (OS Card Reference). SKE37853.

<6> Hist of Brasted, its manor, parish and church 1874 (J Cave-Brown) (OS Card Reference). SKE43916.

<7> Field report for monument TQ 45 NE 3 - August, 1964 (Bibliographic reference). SKE2669.

<8> Diocese of Rochester (Tim Tatton-Brown), 1993, Brasted, St Martin: Diocesan church survey (Unpublished document). SKE29602.

<9> OS 6" 1961 (OS Card Reference). SKE48369.

Sources and further reading