Exploring Kent's Past

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Monument details

Summary

Grade I listed building. Main construction periods 1200 to 1638. Parish church. Late 13th century church enlarged and heightened in the 14th century with the central tower heightened and the walls and roofs of the nave, chancel and transepts heightened in the 15th century. The width of the nave was increased in 1837 and extended by one bay in 1860. A vestry was added in 1927. Kentish ragstone with tiled roofs. Cruciform with central tower. Four bay nave with north and south aisles; north and south transepts with east aisles; three bay chancel, with north and south aisles and vestry between north chancel aisle and north transept aisles.

Monument Types

• CEMETERY (Medieval to Modern - 1200 AD? to 2050 AD)
• SITE (Medieval to Post Medieval - 1200 AD to 1638 AD)

Full description

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Description from record TR 04 SW 8 :
[TR 01014274] St. Mary's Church [NAT]. (1)

The Church of St Mary, Ashford, was rebuilt throughout by Sir John Fogge (d. 1490) and added to at later dates (2).

It contains some C13th work (3).

(2-3) In normal use. (4)

5344 The Churchyard Parish Church of St. Mary the Virgin TR 0142 NW DR 0042 NE 1 & 2/43 24.9.51 A GV 2. A fine cruciform church with the tower in the centre. Mainly C15 with some C13 work. Crenellated tower with crockets. Tiled roof. Triple traceried windows. 4 bay nave. Aisles widened in 1827. Nave lengthened in 1861. C18 galleries on 3 sides of the nave. The rood stair still exists giving access to the south of these. Waggon roof dated 1638 with Rose and Thistle emblems. All the items in the Churchyard form a group together with Nos 51 to 61 (odd) 61A, 63 to 67 (odd) 67A, 69 to 71 (odd) 75 and the rear part of No 75, High Street. Churchyard of Parish of St Mary the Virgin TR0142 NW TR 0042 NE 1 & 2/43B II GV 2. This contains some C18 table tombs, some C18 headstones with cherub, skull, hour-glass or book of judgement motifs, some oval bodystone sand some early C19 headstones with shell and scroll motifs. (5)

The Railings of the Churchyard of The Parish Church of St. Mary the Virgin. TR 0142 NW TR 0042 NE 1 & 2/43A 18.6.71. II GV 2. Iron railings of arrowhead pattern, completely encircling the Churchyard, made by the firm of Dunday of Ashford and erected between 1835 and 1837. They have the name of the maker on them and form an unusually long expanse of high quality. St. Mary, built of crumbly ragstone with a substantial central tower, 120 ft high. Although a church with trancepts existed by the mid 14th century it was during the next 100 or so years that the east half grew to its present size and c 1475-83 that the major building campaign took place. The enterprise of Sir John Fogge resulting in the rebuilding of the central tower and the nave. (6)

Additional bibliography - not consulted. (7-11)

Additional bibliogrpahy. (13)

In 2010/11 Canterbury Archaeological Trust carried out a watching brief. The ground plan of an early Norman church (AD 1100-1150) was exposed during the works. The foundations of this earlier building survive beneath the north and south aisle arcades; elsewhere the foundations had been robbed. The earlier nave was shorter but wider and could have incorporated elements of the extant tower. At some point after c. AD 1150 a narrow side aisle was added on the southern side. This building was nearly completely demolished in the 13th century when the current building was constructed. (14)

Listing Text:

750/1/43 THE CHURCHYARD
750/2/43 PARISH CHURCH OF ST MARY THE VIRGIN
24-SEP-51

I
Parish church. Late C13 church enlarged and heightened in the C14 with the central tower heightened and the walls and roofs of the nave, chancel and transepts heightened in the C15. The width of the nave was increased in 1837 and extended by one bay in 1860. A vestry was added in 1927.

MATERIALS: Kentish ragstone with tiled roofs.

PLAN: Cruciform with central tower. Four bay nave with north and south aisles; north and south transepts with east aisles; three bay chancel, with north and south aisles and vestry between north chancel aisle and north transept aisles.

EXTERIOR: The west end of the nave has a gable surmounted by a cross-shaped saddlestone and buttresses and two-tier, five-light Perpendicular west window. Below is a doorcase with arched opening with shields in spandrels, hood moulding and C19 traceried wooden door. The aisles have sloping roofs and windows with cinquefoil heads over arched doorcases with hoodmoulding. The north aisle has a crenellated parapet and tall two-tier arched windows divided by buttresses. The south aisle is similar and has lead rain water heads dated 1827. The central tower is of three stages with crenellated parapet and corner pinnacles, bell chamber with two-tier triple arched openings with wooden louvres and smaller arched windows below. There is a lower octagonal turret to the north. The north transept has a gable with cross-shaped saddlestone, tall four-light arched window with cinquefoil heads, arched doorcase below and buttresses. The east aisle has a tripartite arched window with cinquefoil lights. The south transept has a shorter window and the west wall masonry is of late-C13 or C14 date. The east aisle has a tripartite arched window facing south and a four-light arched window facing east. The chancel west wall is gabled and has a tall five-light two tier traceried window with cinquefoil heads. Below is a stone niche containing a small mutilated seated stone carving under cinquefoil canopy, possibly originally part of a Trinity. The chancel aisle west walls have sloping roofs with tripartite arched windows with cinquefoil heads. Both north and south walls have tripartite arched windows with cinquefoil heads.

INTERIOR: The nave has a C17 plaster barrel-vaulted roof with square panels and bosses. The east wall has the date 1638 and, underneath, a rose surmounted by the initials J B and a thistle surmounted by the letters T S. The arcades have pointed arches supported on circular piers with octagonal capitals. There are C18 panelled wooden galleries on three sides, the western gallery supported on columns. The pews are of 1879. The west window is of circa 1862 by Lavers. The octagonal stone font is late-C15 with quatrefoil decoration. The pulpit of 1897 was designed by John Pearson and is made of Hoptonwood stone with Devonshire marble columns, depicting Christ the Good Shepherd flanked by the four evangelists. The south transept, since 1970 the Chapel of St Francis, contains the monuments of the Smythe family and was once known as the Smythe Chapel or Strangford Chapel. The south wall contains the only remaining part of the rood, a small stairway leading to an opening giving access to the rood loft. An armorial window is of 1834 by Willement. The north transept has a north window by Kempe and a series of C19 wall monuments and a First World War wooden memorial wall plaque designed by W Caroe. In front of the chancel arch is a wooden chancel screen of 1919 also by Caroe. The chancel has columns and arcades of the Decorated period. The east window is of 1882 by Lavers and Co. There are choir stalls with poppyhead finials and sixteen have medieval misericords, mostly foliate but including a pelican in her piety and a swine eating acorns. There is a black basalt floor slab in front of the sanctuary which has a marble floor.

MONUMENTS: The west wall has the carved Coat of Arms of Charles II and a series of mainly early-C19 wall monuments. Against the south wall is a marble and alabaster wall monument to Thomas Smythe (d. 1591), Queen Elizabeth's Collector of Customs and Subsidies. This comprises two reclining figures under an elaborate architectural canopy including columns, pinnacles and coat of arms with six kneeling sons and six kneeling daughters below. The south wall has to the east the black marble and alabaster wall monument to Sir John Smythe d. 1609 eldest son of Thomas. This comprises two kneeling figures (Sir John in armour)under an architectural canopy with a kneeling son and two daughters beneath. To the west is the black marble and alabaster wall monument to Sir Richard Smythe, fourth son of Thomas (d. 1628). He was also a customs officer and Receiver of the Duchy of Cornwall and owned and largely rebuilt Leeds Castle. This comprises a recumbant figure in armour under an architectural canopy with Mannerist angels beneath a scrolled open pediment. Below are three kneeling wives, one son and four daughters.

North of the high altar is the tomb of Sir John Fogge (d. 1490), a large carved stone tomb chest. To the north is a brass of Elizabeth Countess of Atholl d. 1375 and the head of a priest of circa 1320.

HISTORY: The 1086 Domesday Book records "at Essitisford, a church and priest" which may indicate a Saxon origin for the church. In the C12, in a charter of King Stephen it is recorded as part of the Priory of Horton Kirby. The existing building dates from the late-C13 or early-C14 and already had transepts. Between 1473-83 the church was extensively renovated and partially rebuilt by Sir John Fogge, Lord of the Manor of Repton who was for a time the Treasurer to the household of Edward IV. The nave roof was replaced in 1638 but damage was caused during the Civil War by the destruction of Medieval stained glass and monuments. In 1837 the nave was widened and in 1860 lengthened by one bay.

REASONS FOR DESIGNATION DECISION:

The Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin is re-graded at Grade I for the following principal reasons:

* A church on the site was probably Saxo-Norman and the existing church was substantially built in the C13 and C14 and the tower, chancel and transepts heightened in the C15.
* Medieval fittings include misericords to choir stalls, a sculptured stone figure and font.
* There is a fine quality plaster nave roof of 1638.
* The nave has C18 wooden galleries on three sides.
* It contains an outstanding collection of monuments including medieval brasses, C15 tomb chest to Sir John Fogge and three late-C16 or early-C17 alabaster and marble wall monuments to the Smythe family.

SOURCES:
Pevsner and Newman "Buildings of England. West Kent and the Weald" - Ps 134-136.
Bill Burden "Church of Saint Mary the Virgin Ashford, Kent. 1996.


The following text is from the original listed building designation:
1. 5344 THE CHURCHYARD Parish Church of St Mary the Virgin TR 0142 NW IR 0042 NE 1 & 2/43 24.9.51. A GV 2. A fine cruciform church with the tower in the centre. Mainly C15 with some C13 work. Crenellated tower with crockets. Tiled roof. Triple traceried windows. 4 bay nave. Aisles widened in 1827. Nave lengthened in 1861. C18 galleries on 3 sides of the nave. The rood stair still exists giving access to the south of these. Waggon roof dated 1638 with Rose and Thistle emblems.
All the items in the Churchyard form a group, together with Nos 51 to 61 (odd) 61A, 63 to 67 (odd), 67A, 69 to 71 (odd), 75 and the rear part of No 75. High Street.
Listing NGR: TR0102742743 (15)

Architectural History Practice Ltd., 2008, St Mary's Church, Ashford: Statement of significance (Unpublished document). SKE29389.

<1> OS 1:1250 1958 (OS Card Reference). SKE48176.

<2> Kent 1935 49-50 (J C Cox) (OS Card Reference). SKE45694.

<3> MHLG (787/11/A Dec 1949) 5 (OS Card Reference). SKE47028.

<4> F1 CFW 07-MAY-1963 (OS Card Reference). SKE42471.

<5> DOE (HHR) Ashford Dist Kent June 1976 16-17 (OS Card Reference). SKE39790.

<6> The Bldgs of Eng West Kent and the Weald 1980 133-5 (J Newman) (OS Card Reference). SKE50149.

<7> Church of St Mary the Virgin Ashford 1929 (Blackbourne Haidie F) (OS Card Reference). SKE38970.

<8> St Mary's Church Ashford Kent 1970 (JH Comber) (OS Card Reference). SKE49640.

<9> Church of St Mary the Virgin Ashford 1914 (AH Collins) (OS Card Reference). SKE38969.

<10> Ashford Church 1901 (Sir C Igglesdon) (OS Card Reference). SKE37396.

<11> St Mary's Church Ashford Kent 1966 (N Sharp and G Maurice) (OS Card Reference). SKE49639.

<12> Field report for monument TR 04 SW 8 - May, 1963 (Bibliographic reference). SKE5177.

<14> Weekes, J., 2012, Canterbury Archaeological Trust Interim Reports, Archaeologia Cantiana CXXXII 2012: 305 (Article in serial). SKE25119.

<15> English Heritage, List of Buildings of Special Architectural or Historic Interest (Map). SKE16160.

Sources and further reading